Brooklyn, NY · NYU TandonInterpretability · AI Safety

Gustavo A. Sandoval

Notes from inside the model. Long-form writing on AI safety, mechanistic interpretability and red-teaming, by an NYU professor who spent 15 years shipping software at Microsoft.

Latest survey

Where did the model learn to do that?

An AI model refuses a harmful request. Ask again with "no more than 50 words" at the end, and it can comply. Nothing about the request changed except its length limit.

Data attribution papers on safety behaviors, by training stage and by how they were checked.
Data attribution papers on safety behaviors, by training stage and by how they were checked.

Recent

Oct 26 · Survey

Refusal is one direction. Two years later, what did fine-tuning do to it?

Delete one direction from a chat model's activations, and it stops refusing harmful requests. Add the same direction to a harmless prompt,...

Oct 20 · Essay

Models Know the Fix and Do Not Use It

Ask a model to review C code, and it flags sprintf as a buffer-overflow risk. Ask it to write similar code, and...

Sep 30 · Plan

AI Literacy Audit and Rollout Plan

Most teams roll out AI coding tools by buying licenses and waiting for productivity. Agentic coding is a skill, and nobody is...

Sep 23 · Case study

Red-Teaming Marin

Ten steps of fine-tuning on public data remove almost all of the refusals from two open models. The bigger surprise came from...

attack config ≠ security claim Sep 16 · Essay

What Counts as an Adequate Threat Model?

The strongest tamper-resistance result of 2024 broke four months later. The attackers changed two hyperparameters.

Sep 2 · Explainer

Mechanistic Interpretability as a Security Tool

Black-box testing tells you that a model does something unsafe. Interpretability can tell you where inside the model it decides to.

Red-Teaming Language Models, Part 1: The Process and the Measurement Problem Jul 29 · Series · 3 parts

Red-Teaming Language Models

Two red teams attack the same model and report very different success rates. Both can be right. The number describes the attacker...

Jul 13 · Retrospective

Prompt Injection, 2022 vs Today: A Retrospective

In 2022 the attack was one sentence: "Ignore all previous instructions." Today the same instructions hide in web pages and emails that...